Birkeland currents during substorms: Statistical evidence for intensification of Regions 1 and 2 currents after onset and a localised signature of auroral dimming

Abstract

We conduct a superposed epoch analysis of Birkeland current densities from AMPERE (Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment) using isolated substorm expansion phase onsets identified by an independently derived dataset. In order to evaluate whether R1 and R2 currents contribute to the substorm current wedge, we rotate global maps of Birkeland currents into a common coordinate system centred on the MLT of substorm onset. When the latitude of substorm is taken into account, it is clear that both R1 and R2 current systems play a role in substorm onset, contrary to previous studies which found that R2 current did not contribute. The latitude of substorm onset is co-located with the interface between R1 and R2 currents, allowing us to infer that R1 current closes just tailward and R2 current closes just Earthward of the associated current disruption in the tail. AMPERE is the first dataset to give near-instantaneous measurements of Birkeland current across the whole polar cap, and this study addresses apparent discrepancies in previous studies which have used AMPERE to examine the morphology of the substorm current wedge. Finally, we present evidence for an extremely localised reduction in current density immediately prior to substorm onset, and we interpret this as the first statistical signature of auroral dimming in Birkeland current.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rFofVS
via IFTTT