Αναζήτηση αυτού του ιστολογίου

Δευτέρα 30 Απριλίου 2018

Exercise stereotypes and fatigue in people living with HIV: does self-efficacy play a mediating or a moderating role?

Recent research suggests that exercise stereotypes may influence physical activity through ego depletion and internalization mechanisms. The objective of this study was to better understand exercise stereotype...

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HDQr8K

A Rapid and Facile Pipeline for Generating Genomic Point Mutants in C. elegans Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins

57518fig1.jpg

Here, we present a method to engineer the genome of C. elegans using CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins and homology dependent repair templates.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HHZ2mA

Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae

This protocol demonstrates a method for the isolation of primary human decidual cells collected from the fetal membranes of term placentae which can be used for a variety of applications (i.e. immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, etc.) aiming to study the role of different cell populations in pregnancy complications.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jk4DoM

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

57437eq1.jpg

This manuscript describes methods aimed at measuring the local instantaneous convective heat transfer coefficients in a single or two-phase pipe flow. A simple optical method to determine the length and the propagation velocity of an elongated (Taylor) air bubble moving at a constant velocity is also presented.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HHH0B5

Improving influenza vaccines: challenges to effective implementation

Publication date: August 2018
Source:Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 53
Author(s): Fan Zhou, Mai-Chi Trieu, Richard Davies, Rebecca Jane Cox
Influenza virus causes contagious respiratory illness and remains a major burden on healthcare systems and the economy. Seasonal influenza vaccine is the most cost-effective way to combat the disease. However, underestimation of disease severity and controversy over vaccine safety and effectiveness hampers public confidence in vaccination. Action is needed to restore public confidence and improve vaccine uptake. Tailoring seasonal influenza vaccines according to immune responsiveness and infection/vaccination history of different populations can improve vaccine efficacy and effectiveness. Steady progress has been made in next generation influenza vaccine designs aiming at broad and long-lasting protective immunity in pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, substantial research and regulatory effort is required before reaching the goal of a truly universal vaccine.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HC9wrG

Endocytosis regulation by autophagy proteins in MHC restricted antigen presentation

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 52
Author(s): Christian W .Keller, Monica Loi, Laure-Anne Ligeon, Monique Gannagé, Jan D Lünemann, Christian Münz
The macroautophagy machinery supports membrane remodeling and fusion events that lead to the engulfment of cytoplasmic constituents in autophagosomes and their degradation in lysosomes. The capacity of this machinery to regulate membrane adaptors and influence vesicle fusion with lysosomes seems to be used not only for autophagosomes, but also for endosomes. We summarize recent evidence that two aspects of endocytosis are regulated by parts of the macroautophagy machinery. These are recruitment of adaptors for the internalization of surface receptors and the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes. Antigen processing for MHC presentation is affected by these alternative functions of the macroautophagy machinery. Primarily extracellular antigen presentation by MHC class II molecules after phagocytosis benefits from this regulation of phagosome maturation. Furthermore, MHC class I molecules are more efficiently internalized in the presence of the core macroautophagy machinery. The identification of these alternative functions of macroautophagy proteins not only complicates the interpretation of their deficiencies in biological processes, but could also be harnessed for the regulation of antigen presentation to T cells.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r9ERqT

Role of calcium permeable channels in dendritic cell migration

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 52
Author(s): Pablo J Sáez, Juan C Sáez, Ana-María Lennon-Duménil, Pablo Vargas
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is an essential second messenger involved in multiple cellular and subcellular processes. Ca2+ can be released and sensed globally or locally within cells, providing complex signals of variable amplitudes and time-scales. The key function of Ca2+ in the regulation of acto-myosin contractility has provided a simple explanation for its role in the regulation of immune cell migration. However, many questions remain, including the identity of the Ca2+ stores, channels and upstream signals involved in this process. Here, we focus on dendritic cells (DCs), because their immune sentinel function heavily relies on their capacity to migrate within tissues and later on between tissues and lymphoid organs. Deciphering the mechanisms by which cytoplasmic Ca2+ regulate DC migration should shed light on their role in initiating and tuning immune responses.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HH0h9J

Last year’s solar eclipse set off a wave in the upper atmosphere

The August 2017 solar eclipse launched a wave in the upper atmosphere that was detected from Brazil after the eclipse ended.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KlHZsh

Exploiting the Dynamics of Soft Materials for Machine Learning

Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HEGlAs

An inexpensive method of small photon field dosimetry with EBT3 radiochromic film

Abstract

The relative output factor for small field photon beams with EBT3 (External beam therapy, Gafchromic ™) Radiochromic film were obtained using indigenously developed a program in MATLAB. MLC and JAWS created square small field sizes for dosimetry. To calibrate Radiochromic film, we have cut the film into several small segments of 6 × 6 cm2. These small pieces of film were irradiated to known doses ranging from 25 to 300 cGy by SAD technique using 6 MV photon beam from Linear accelerator. A Program in MATLAB was written to analyze the scanned film data and all the images of the films were imported into this Program. To validate the accuracy of calibration curve, radiochromic films were irradiated with different field sizes of 10 × 10 cm2, 15 × 1 5 cm2, 20 × 20 cm2 to known dose of 200 cGy each by SAD technique. Field sizes were defined using two methods, in the first method fields were defined using X-Y collimator Jaws with the MLC retracted to their maximum position. In the Second method, MLCs were used to define square field sizes of 1 × 1 cm2 to 5 × 5 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2 and 15 × 15 cm2. Calibration curve created using gafchromic film show percentage variation between measured and delivered dose within 3% of standard field size. Output factors measured by Gafchromic EBT3 film showed close agreement with those measured using the other detector for field sizes of 2.0 × 2.0 cm2 and above. EBT3 film has properties such as linear response, energy, and dose-rate independence. It makes it suitable detector for small field dosimetry. Our Indigenous developed MATLAB Program for film dosimetry gave the desired results. From this study, we can conclude that EBT3 film can be used for relative output factors ranging from small field to large fields.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2I6C0cR

Navigating Data Sharing in Cardiology From a Trainee's Perspective



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KnHazg

Global Longitudinal Strain to Predict Mortality in Patients With Acute Heart Failure

AbstractBackground

Heart failure (HF) is currently classified according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); however, the prognostic value of LVEF is controversial. Myocardial strain is a prognostic factor independently of LVEF.

Objectives

The authors sought to evaluate the prognostic value of global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with HF.

Methods

GLS was measured in 4,172 consecutive patients with acute HF. Patients were categorized as either HF with reduced (LVEF <40%), midrange (LVEF 40% to 49%), or preserved ejection fraction (LVEF ≥50%) and were also classified as having mildly (GLS >12.6%), moderately (8.1% < GLS <12.5%), or severely (GLS ≤8.0%) reduced strain. The primary endpoint was 5-year all-cause mortality.

Results

Mean GLS was 10.8%, and mean LVEF was 40%. Overall, 1,740 (40.4%) patients had died at 5 years. Patients with reduced ejection fraction had slightly higher mortality than those with midrange or preserved ejection fraction (41%, 38%, and 39%, respectively; log-rank p = 0.031), whereas patients with reduced strain had significantly higher mortality (severely reduced GLS, 49%; moderately reduced GLS, 38%; mildly reduced GLS, 34%; log-rank p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, each 1% increase in GLS was associated with a 5% decreased risk for mortality (p < 0.001). Patients with moderate (hazard ratio: 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 1.53) and severe GLS reductions (hazard ratio: 1.61; 95% confidence interval: 1.36 to 1.91) had higher mortality, but LVEF was not associated with mortality.

Conclusions

In patients with acute HF, GLS has greater prognostic value than LVEF. Therefore, the authors suggest that GLS should be considered as the standard measurement in all patients with HF. This new concept needs validation in further studies.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jjZmO5

Coronary Artery Disease in Patients >=80 Years of Age

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients ≥80 years of age. Nonetheless, older patients have typically been under-represented in cardiovascular clinical trials. Understanding the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and optimal means of diagnosis and treatment of CAD in older adults is crucial to improving outcomes in this high-risk population. A patient-centered approach, taking into account health status, functional ability and frailty, cognitive skills, and patient preferences is essential when caring for older adults with CAD. The present systematic review focuses on the current knowledge base, gaps in understanding, and directions for future investigation pertaining to CAD in patients ≥80 years of age.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r8GPbI

Global Longitudinal Strain: Ready for Clinical Use and Guideline Implementation



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JBXJq3

Trehalose-Induced Activation of Autophagy Improves Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction

AbstractBackground

Trehalose (TRE) is a natural, nonreducing disaccharide synthesized by lower organisms. TRE exhibits an extraordinary ability to protect cells against different kinds of stresses through activation of autophagy. However, the effect of TRE on the heart during stress has never been tested.

Objectives

This study evaluated the effects of TRE administration in a mouse model of chronic ischemic remodeling.

Methods

Wild-type (WT) or beclin 1+/– mice were subjected to permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and then treated with either placebo or trehalose (1 mg/g/day intraperitoneally for 48 h, then 2% in the drinking water). After 4 weeks, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, gravimetric, histological, and biochemical analyses were conducted.

Results

TRE reduced left ventricular (LV) dilation and increased ventricular function in mice with LAD ligation compared with placebo. Sucrose, another nonreducing disaccharide, did not exert protective effects during post-infarction LV remodeling. Trehalose administration to mice overexpressing GFP-tagged LC3 significantly increased the number of GFP-LC3 dots, both in the presence and absence of chloroquine administration. TRE also increased cardiac LC3-II levels after 4 weeks following myocardial infarction (MI), indicating that it induced autophagy in the heart in vivo. To evaluate whether TRE exerted beneficial effects through activation of autophagy, trehalose was administered to beclin 1+/– mice. The improvement of LV function, lung congestion, cardiac remodeling, apoptosis, and fibrosis following TRE treatment observed in WT mice were all significantly blunted in beclin 1+/– mice.

Conclusions

TRE reduced MI-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction through activation of autophagy.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jjLi7e

Participation of Women in Clinical Trials Supporting FDA Approval of Cardiovascular Drugs

AbstractBackground

Concerns exist that women are underrepresented in trials of cardiovascular medications.

Objectives

The authors sought to examine women's participation and the reported safety and efficacy by gender for pivotal cardiovascular disease (CVD) trials submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) supporting marketing applications.

Methods

On the basis of publicly available FDA reviews, the authors assessed enrollment of women in trials supporting 36 drug approvals from 2005 to 2015. Prevalence-corrected estimates for the participation of women were calculated as the percentage of women among trial participants divided by the percentage of women in the disease population (participation to prevalence ratio [PPR]), with a range between 0.8 and 1.2 reflecting similar representation of women in the trial and disease population. Sex differences in efficacy and safety were assessed.

Results

The proportion of women enrolled ranged from 22% to 81% (mean 46%). The calculated PPR by disease area was within or above the desirable range for atrial fibrillation (0.8 to 1.1), hypertension (0.9), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (1.4); PPR was <0.8 for heart failure (0.5 to 0.6), coronary artery disease (0.6), and acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction (0.6). The authors found little indication of clinically meaningful gender differences in efficacy or safety. Gender differences in efficacy or safety were described in labeling for 4 drugs.

Conclusions

Women were well represented in trials of drugs for hypertension and atrial fibrillation, and overrepresented for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Representation of women fell below a PPR of 0.8 for trials in heart failure, coronary artery disease, and acute coronary syndrome. Minimal gender differences in drug efficacy and safety profiles were observed.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jjZmh3

Valvular Heart Disease in Patients >=80 Years of Age

Abstract

In the United States, the octogenarian population is projected to triple by 2050. With this aging population, the prevalence of valvular heart disease (VHD) is on the rise. The etiology, approach to treatment, and expected outcomes of VHD are different in the elderly compared with younger patients. Both stenotic and regurgitant lesions are associated with unfavorable outcomes if left untreated. Surgical mortality remains high due to multiple co-morbidities, and long-term survival benefit is dependent on many variables including valvular pathology. Quality of life is an important consideration in treatment decisions in this age group. Increasingly, octogenarian patients are receiving transcatheter therapies, with transcatheter aortic valve replacement having the greatest momentum. Numerous transcatheter devices for management of other valve lesions are currently in early clinical trials. This review will describe the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic options for VHD in the oldest old, with a focus on transcatheter technologies.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jjLfZ6

JACC Instructions for Authors



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JBXefF

Efficacy Over Time With Drug-Eluting Stents in Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions

AbstractBackground

In the ISAR-CABG (Is Drug-Eluting-Stenting Associated with Improved Results in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts?) trial, clinical outcomes at 1 year in patients undergoing treatment of saphenous vein graft lesions were superior with drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare-metal stents.

Objectives

The authors compared outcomes between treatment groups at 5 years.

Methods

Patients were randomized (1:1:1:3) to receive DES (either permanent-polymer paclitaxel-eluting stents, permanent-polymer sirolimus-eluting stents, or biodegradable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stents) or bare-metal stents. The primary endpoint was the combined incidence of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target lesion revascularization (TLR). Secondary endpoints were the composite of death or MI and TLR.

Results

A total of 610 patients were allocated to treatment with DES (n = 303) or bare-metal stents (n = 307). At 5 years, the primary endpoint occurred in 159 (55.5%) versus 157 (53.6%) patients in the DES and bare-metal stent groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79 to 1.23; p = 0.89). There was interaction between treatment effect and time (pinteraction = 0.005), with a lower event rate in the DES group at 1 year (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.94; p = 0.02) but a numerically higher rate between 1 and 5 years (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.63; p = 0.13). Death or MI occurred in 93 (32.8%) versus 108 (36.6%) patients, respectively (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.12; p = 0.24), without significant interaction between treatment effect and time (pinteraction = 0.57). TLR occurred in 84 (33.1%) versus 69 (25.5%) patients in the DES and bare-metal stent groups, respectively (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.64; p = 0.27). There was interaction between treatment effect and time (pinteraction <0.001): TLR was significantly lower in the DES group at 1 year (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.86; p = 0.01) but significantly higher thereafter (HR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.08; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing treatment of saphenous vein graft lesions, the advantage of DES over bare-metal stents demonstrated at 1 year was lost at 5 years due to higher attrition of efficacy in the DES group. (Efficacy Study of Drug-Eluting and Bare Metal Stents in Bypass Graft Lesions [ISAR-CABG]; NCT00611910)



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jkUTdU

Autophagy and Myocardial Remodeling: Is it Autophagy or Autophagic Machinery and Signaling Pathways Regulating it?



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JBX5c7

A New Treatment Strategy for Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions?: Letting it Go



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JIkk4l

Arrhythmias in Patients >=80 Years of Age: Pathophysiology, Management, and Outcomes

Abstract

Advances in medical care have led to an increase in the number of octogenarians and even older patients, forming an important and unique patient subgroup. It is clear that advancing age is an independent risk factor for the development of most arrhythmias, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Patients ≥80 years of age have significant structural and electrical remodeling of cardiac tissue; accrue competing comorbidities; react differently to drug therapy; and may experience falls, frailty, and cognitive impairment, presenting significant therapeutic challenges. Unfortunately, very old patients are under-represented in clinical trials, leading to critical gaps in evidence to guide effective and safe treatment of arrhythmias. In this state-of-the-art review, we examine the pathophysiology of aging and arrhythmias and then present the available evidence on age-specific management of the most common arrhythmias, including drugs, catheter ablation, and cardiac implantable electronic devices.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JIkcln

Neonatal Brain Injury and Timing of Neurodevelopmental Assessment in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease

AbstractBackground

Brain injury (BI) is reported in 60% of newborns with critical congenital heart disease as white matter injury (WMI) or stroke. Neurodevelopmental (ND) impairments are reported in these patients. The relationship between neonatal BI and ND outcome has not been established.

Objectives

This study sought to determine the association between peri-operative BI and ND outcomes in infants with single ventricle physiology (SVP) and d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA).

Methods

Term newborns with d-TGA and SVP had pre-operative and post-operative brain magnetic resonance imaging and ND outcomes assessed at 12 and 30 months with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. BI was categorized by the brain injury severity score and WMI was quantified by volumetric analysis.

Results

A total of 104 infants had follow-up at 12 months and 70 had follow-up at 30 months. At 12 months, only clinical variables were associated with ND outcome. At 30 months, subjects with moderate-to-severe WMI had significantly lower Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) scores (13 points lower) as compared with those with none or minimal WMI for d-TGA and SVP (p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively) after adjusting for various factors. Quantitative WMI volume was likewise associated. Stroke was not associated with outcome. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement for PDI scores at 12 and 30 months were wide (–40.3 to 31.2) across the range of mean PDI values.

Conclusions

Increasing burden of WMI is associated with worse motor outcomes at 30 months for infants with critical congenital heart disease, whereas no adverse association was seen between small strokes and outcome. These results support the utility of neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging in this population to aid in predicting later outcomes and the importance of ND follow-up beyond 1 year of age.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jheFa0

Effect of Soft Tissue Techniques on Headache Impact, Disability, and Quality of Life in Migraine Sufferers: A Pilot Study

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Ahead of Print.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FxJRuE

Clostridium difficile Infection in Trauma, Surgery, and Medical Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit

Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HBs4Ix

Korean Red Ginseng Protects Against Mitochondrial Damage and Intracellular Inflammation in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Medicinal Food, Ahead of Print.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HCeODQ

Hierarchically porous carbon microspheres with fully open and interconnected super-macropores for air cathodes of Zn-Air batteries

Publication date: September 2018
Source:Carbon, Volume 136
Author(s): Zhe Wang, Dan Cheng, Chang Chen, Kebin Zhou
Hierarchically porous materials have drawn extensive attention to construct effective air cathodes in newly developed zinc-air batteries. Here, we successfully fabricated hierarchically porous carbon microspheres (HCMs) with fully open and interconnected super-macropores by a strategy of high internal phase W/O/W double emulsions (HIPDEs). The as-prepared HCMs-supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/HCMs) were employed as novel ORR catalysts for the air cathodes of Zn-air batteries. It was found that Pt/HCMs promised a nearly 100% Pt utilization and showed a higher current density and better durability than the commercial Pt/C on rotating disk electrode (RDE) setup and gas diffusion electrode (GDE)-based half-cell configurations, highlighting the importance of the fully open and interconnected super-macropores for improving the gas/liquid phases transport. Benefiting from the superior mass transfer, the Pt/HCMs-based Zn-air battery delivered high power density (190 mW cm−2) and specific capacity (800 mA h gZn−1) comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C-based battery. This study presents a new avenue to engineer catalyst to boost the performance of Zn-air batteries.

Graphical abstract

image


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HZMx9p

Effects of stress and point defect on the physical properties of ZnO:Nd

Publication date: 1 September 2018
Source:Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 461
Author(s): Q.Y. Hou, W.L. Li, X.F. Jia, Z.C. Xu
The magnetism sources and mechanism of Nd doping and point defect are frequently controversial. To solve these controversies, ZnO supercell models with different doping modes of Nd were constructed, and the geometric structure optimization and energy calculation of the established models were calculated based on the generalized gradient approximation method of density functional theory. Calculation results indicated that the formation energy of Nd doped ZnO systems completely followed the sequence Zn15NdO16 > Zn15NdO15 > Zn14NdO16. For systems in which Nd doping and Zn vacancy coexist, a strong hybrid coupling electron exchange effect was present among the unpaired O-2p that was nearest to the Zn vacancy, the Zn-4 s orbit that was second nearest to the Zn vacancy, and the Nd-3d orbit. Therefore, the magnetism originated from the RKKY double-exchange interaction, which was based on the hole carriers in the complexus as the medium. In contrast with the Nd doping system, systems with coexisting Nd doping and O vacancy did not exhibit increased magnetism. Thus, the systems are worthless in designing and preparing dilute magnetic semiconductors. The magnetic moment of the systems with coexisting Nd doping and Zn vacancy was the largest. Thus, the systems are valuable in such design and preparation. The absorption spectra of Zn16NdiO16 and Zn15NdO16 were red shifted under the condition without stress, whereas the absorption spectrum of Zn15NdO16 with stress was blue shifted and the magnetic moment increased. The Curie temperature of Nd double-doped ZnO system was higher than room temperature when the Nd-Nd distance was the shortest.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2vWVsDT

Back on the streets: An old paramedic's return to patient care

It's important to brush up on protocols, equipment and other areas of EMS after taking some time away from the field

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r9zms8

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Performance of an Estonian Speech Recognition System for Radiology: Effects of Different Acoustic and Language Models

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively the influence of different acoustic and language models in order to determine the most important effects to the clinical performance of an Estonian language-based non-commercial radiology-oriented automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. An ASR system was developed for Estonian language in radiology domain by utilizing open-source software components (Kaldi toolkit, Thrax). The ASR system was trained with the real radiology text reports and dictations collected during development phases. The final version of the ASR system was tested by 11 radiologists who dictated 219 reports in total, in spontaneous manner in a real clinical environment. The audio files collected in the final phase were used to measure the performance of different versions of the ASR system retrospectively. ASR system versions were evaluated by word error rate (WER) for each speaker and modality and by WER difference for the first and the last version of the ASR system. Total average WER for the final version throughout all material was improved from 18.4% of the first version (v1) to 5.8% of the last (v8) version which corresponds to relative improvement of 68.5%. WER improvement was strongly related to modality and radiologist. In summary, the performance of the final ASR system version was close to optimal, delivering similar results to all modalities and being independent on user, the complexity of the radiology reports, user experience, and speech characteristics.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JG69N4

Radial-Artery or Saphenous-Vein Grafts in Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery

nejmoa1716026_t1.jpeg

New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2w5rPAu

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients without Focal Lesion but with Behavioral Disorders: Shrinkage of Gray Matter Nuclei and Thalamus Revealed in a Pilot Voxel-Based MRI Study

Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Kox6Gc

Atherogenic dyslipidemia promotes autoimmune follicular helper T cell responses via IL-27

Atherogenic dyslipidemia promotes autoimmune follicular helper T cell responses via IL-27

Atherogenic dyslipidemia promotes autoimmune follicular helper T cell responses via IL-27, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0102-6

Dyslipidemia and autoimmune disease are often associated. Chung and colleagues demonstrate a mechanistic pathway by which dyslipidemia leads to the induction of pathogenic autoantibodies.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FqY6Bj

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients without Focal Lesion but with Behavioral Disorders: Shrinkage of Gray Matter Nuclei and Thalamus Revealed in a Pilot Voxel-Based MRI Study

Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Kox6Gc

Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Lymphatic Drainage with ICG Fluorescence Imaging



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HYF3Uj

Impact of Synchronous Liver Resection on the Perioperative Outcomes of Patients Undergoing CRS-HIPEC

Abstract

Background

While liver resection (LR) and cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are commonly performed for hepatic and peritoneal metastases, respectively, the safety of synchronous LR and CRS-HIPEC has not been established.

Methods

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) databases from 2005 to 2016 were used to identify patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC. Demographic, clinical, and perioperative outcomes were compared among patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC with and without synchronous LR.

Results

Among 1168 patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC, 100 (8.6%) underwent synchronous LR and 1068 (91.4%) did not. The most common primary diagnosis was unspecified (65.3%) followed by appendix (16.0%) and colorectal (12.5%). Among patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC plus LR, the majority had a partial hepatectomy (96.0%), while a small subset underwent trisegmentectomy (2.0%) or hemihepatectomy (2.0%). Patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC plus LR underwent a greater number of operative procedures (8.3 ± 2.5 vs 6.7 ± 2.5, p < 0.001), had a longer operative time (520.7 ± 155.3 vs 454.6 ± 160.7 min, p = 0.001), had a longer hospital length of stay (16.7 ± 15.6 vs 11.1 ± 11.5 days, p < 0.001), were more likely to require reoperation (13.0 vs 6.9%, p = 0.03), and experienced greater 30-day morbidity (47.0 vs 27.4%, p < 0.001), but not mortality (3.0 vs 1.4%, p = 0.22). On multivariate logistic regression, LR was strongly associated with increased risk of postoperative morbidity even after controlling for potential confounders (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.03–2.64).

Conclusions

Simultaneous LR and CRS-HIPEC was associated with increased operative time, length of hospital stay, reoperation, and postoperative morbidity compared to CRS-HIPEC alone. For patients with synchronous hepatic and peritoneal metastases, a staged operative approach should be considered.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2vZE95f

Determinants of response and resistance to CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Determinants of response and resistance to CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Determinants of response and resistance to CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0010-1

An IL-6/STAT3 signature and memory CD8 T cell subset in preinfusion chimeric antigen receptor–expressing T cells associate with response in patients with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jiKIq3

Molecular subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma are associated with distinct pathogenic mechanisms and outcomes

Molecular subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma are associated with distinct pathogenic mechanisms and outcomes

Molecular subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma are associated with distinct pathogenic mechanisms and outcomes, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0016-8

Comprehensive integration of mutational and structural alterations in clinically-annotated DLBCL patient samples provides a novel molecular classification of the disease.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KoE4uR

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

A technique utilizing wavelengths of 1150 and 1412 nm to measure the temperature of water surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HJDeXJ

Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana

57393fig2v2.jpg

A high throughput screen of synthetic small molecules was conducted on the model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana. This protocol, developed for a liquid handling robot, increases the speed of forward chemical genetics screens, accelerating the discovery of novel small molecules affecting plant physiology.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2I5kDsO

Complex formation between the vasopressin 1b receptor, β-arrestin-2, and the μ-opioid receptor underlies morphine tolerance

Complex formation between the vasopressin 1b receptor, β-arrestin-2, and the μ-opioid receptor underlies morphine tolerance

Complex formation between the vasopressin 1b receptor, β-arrestin-2, and the μ-opioid receptor underlies morphine tolerance, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0144-y

Chronic morphine use can lead to tolerance and AC superactivation. This paper identifies a molecular mechanism by which V1bR signaling promotes this process, providing a potential approach to enhance morphine analgesia without increasing tolerance.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r9XlYg

Precise multimodal optical control of neural ensemble activity

Precise multimodal optical control of neural ensemble activity

Precise multimodal optical control of neural ensemble activity, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0139-8

The authors present a new approach to create and edit custom spatiotemporal neural activity patterns in awake, behaving animals with extremely high spatial and temporal precision. They present novel opsins optimized for multiphoton optogenetics.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r9XpY0

Health Economic Analysis of Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Context of Five Eastern Asian Countries

Abstract

Background and Objective

The economic outcomes of dual antiplatelet therapy in East Asian patients are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the economic outcomes of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Methods

A two-phase model consisting of a 1-year decision tree and a lifetime Markov model was used to estimate the economic outcomes. The data from the East Asian subgroup of Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) and PHILO studies were used for the calculation of the events rate for ticagrelor and clopidogrel in the first 12 months, whereas the costs were obtained from East Asian sources and utility from the published literature. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test model robustness.

Results

Ticagrelor showed the marginal lifetime quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of 0.0050, 0.0091, 0.0107, 0.0050, and 0.0050 in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong compared with clopidogrel, with marginal healthcare costs of (all values in US dollars) $562, $595, $975, $611, and $672, respectively. The marginal cost per QALY gained with ticagrelor was $112,051, $65,692, $91,207, $121,838, and $133,953 from a public healthcare system perspective of China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed consistent results.

Conclusion

Treatment of ACS for 12 months with ticagrelor is not a cost-effective option for the prevention of thrombotic events in East Asia.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JADM2P

Radial-Artery or Saphenous-Vein Grafts in Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery

New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2w5rPAu

Assessment of programmed cell death ligand-1 expression by 4 diagnostic assays and its clinicopathological correlation in a large cohort of surgical resected non-small cell lung carcinoma

Assessment of programmed cell death ligand-1 expression by 4 diagnostic assays and its clinicopathological correlation in a large cohort of surgical resected non-small cell lung carcinoma

Assessment of programmed cell death ligand-1 expression by 4 diagnostic assays and its clinicopathological correlation in a large cohort of surgical resected non-small cell lung carcinoma, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41379-018-0053-3

Assessment of programmed cell death ligand-1 expression by 4 diagnostic assays and its clinicopathological correlation in a large cohort of surgical resected non-small cell lung carcinoma

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JE44Bc

RNA sequencing of Xp11 translocation-associated cancers reveals novel gene fusions and distinctive clinicopathologic correlations

RNA sequencing of Xp11 translocation-associated cancers reveals novel gene fusions and distinctive clinicopathologic correlations

RNA sequencing of Xp11 translocation-associated cancers reveals novel gene fusions and distinctive clinicopathologic correlations, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41379-018-0051-5

RNA sequencing of Xp11 translocation-associated cancers reveals novel gene fusions and distinctive clinicopathologic correlations

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jlOHSJ

Endothelial trans-differentiation in glioblastoma recurring after radiotherapy

Endothelial trans-differentiation in glioblastoma recurring after radiotherapy

Endothelial trans-differentiation in glioblastoma recurring after radiotherapy, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41379-018-0046-2

Endothelial trans-differentiation in glioblastoma recurring after radiotherapy

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JDPLwr

Do McKinnon lists provide reliable data in bird species frequency? A comparison with transect-based data

S1146609X.gif

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Acta Oecologica, Volume 89
Author(s): Michele Cento, Roberto Scrocca, Michele Coppola, Maurizio Rossi, Riccardo Di Giuseppe, Corrado Battisti, Luca Luiselli, Giovanni Amori
Although occurrence-based listing methods could provide reliable lists of species composition for a site, the effective reliability of this method to provide more detailed information about species frequency (and abundance) has been rarely tested. In this paper, we compared the species frequencies obtained for the same set of species-rich sites (wetlands of central Italy) from two different methods: McKinnon lists and line transects. In all sites we observed: (i) rapid cumulating curves of line transect abundance frequencies toward the asymptote represented by the maximum value in McKinnon occurrence frequency; (ii) a large amount of species having a low frequency with line transect method showing a high range of variation in frequency obtained by McKinnon lists; (iii) a set of species having a subdominant (>0.02-<0.05) and dominant species (>0.05) frequency with line transect showed all the highest value in McKinnon frequency. McKinnon lists provides only a coarse-grained proxy of species frequency of individuals distinguishing only between common species (having the highest values of McKinnon frequency) and rare species (all the other species). Although McKinnon lists have some points of strength, this method does not discriminate the frequencies inside the subset of common species (sub-dominant and dominant species). Therefore, we suggest a cautionary approach when McKinnon frequencies should be used to obtain complex univariate metrics of diversity.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KrCZCC

Frequency and distribution of 152 genetic disease variants in over 100,000 mixed breed and purebred dogs

journal.pgen.1007361.g001

by Jonas Donner, Heidi Anderson, Stephen Davison, Angela M. Hughes, Julia Bouirmane, Johan Lindqvist, Katherine M. Lytle, Balasubramanian Ganesan, Claudia Ottka, Päivi Ruotanen, Maria Kaukonen, Oliver P. Forman, Neale Fretwell, Cynthia A. Cole, Hannes Lohi

Knowledge on the genetic epidemiology of disorders in the dog population has implications for both veterinary medicine and sustainable breeding. Limited data on frequencies of genetic disease variants across breeds exists, and the disease heritage of mixed breed dogs remains poorly explored to date. Advances in genetic screening technologies now enable comprehensive investigations of the canine disease heritage, and generate health-related big data that can be turned into action. We pursued population screening of genetic variants implicated in Mendelian disorders in the largest canine study sample examined to date by examining over 83,000 mixed breed and 18,000 purebred dogs representing 330 breeds for 152 known variants using a custom-designed beadchip microarray. We further announce the creation of MyBreedData (www.mybreeddata.com), an online updated inherited disorder prevalence resource with its foundation in the generated data. We identified the most prevalent, and rare, disease susceptibility variants across the general dog population while providing the first extensive snapshot of the mixed breed disease heritage. Approximately two in five dogs carried at least one copy of a tested disease variant. Most disease variants are shared by both mixed breeds and purebreds, while breed- or line-specificity of others is strongly suggested. Mixed breed dogs were more likely to carry a common recessive disease, whereas purebreds were more likely to be genetically affected with one, providing DNA-based evidence for hybrid vigor. We discovered genetic presence of 22 disease variants in at least one additional breed in which they were previously undescribed. Some mutations likely manifest similarly independently of breed background; however, we emphasize the need for follow up investigations in each case and provide a suggested validation protocol for broader consideration. In conclusion, our study provides unique insight into genetic epidemiology of canine disease risk variants, and their relevance for veterinary medicine, breeding programs and animal welfare.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2raGp4L

Correction: Prescribing patterns and associated factors of antibiotic prescription in primary health care facilities of Kumbo East and Kumbo West Health Districts, North West Cameroon

by The PLOS ONE Staff



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HXkUht

Relationship between brain plasticity, learning and foraging performance in honey bees

journal.pone.0196749.e001

by Amélie Cabirol, Alex J. Cope, Andrew B. Barron, Jean-Marc Devaud

Brain structure and learning capacities both vary with experience, but the mechanistic link between them is unclear. Here, we investigated whether experience-dependent variability in learning performance can be explained by neuroplasticity in foraging honey bees. The mushroom bodies (MBs) are a brain center necessary for ambiguous olfactory learning tasks such as reversal learning. Using radio frequency identification technology, we assessed the effects of natural variation in foraging activity, and the age when first foraging, on both performance in reversal learning and on synaptic connectivity in the MBs. We found that reversal learning performance improved at foraging onset and could decline with greater foraging experience. If bees started foraging before the normal age, as a result of a stress applied to the colony, the decline in learning performance with foraging experience was more severe. Analyses of brain structure in the same bees showed that the total number of synaptic boutons at the MB input decreased when bees started foraging, and then increased with greater foraging intensity. At foraging onset MB structure is therefore optimized for bees to update learned information, but optimization of MB connectivity deteriorates with foraging effort. In a computational model of the MBs sparser coding of information at the MB input improved reversal learning performance. We propose, therefore, a plausible mechanistic relationship between experience, neuroplasticity, and cognitive performance in a natural and ecological context.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jhQZlZ

MCU-knockdown attenuates high glucose-induced inflammation through regulating MAPKs/NF-κB pathways and ROS production in HepG2 cells

journal.pone.0196580.g001

by Ghodratollah Panahi, Parvin Pasalar, Mina Zare, Rosario Rizzuto, Reza Meshkani

Mitochondrial Ca2+ is a key regulator of organelle physiology and the excessive increase in mitochondrial calcium is associated with the oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial calcium to inflammatory and coagulative responses in hepatocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) (33mM glucose). Treatment of HepG2 cells with HG for 24 h induced insulin resistance, as demonstrated by an impairment of insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. HepG2 treatment with HG led to an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, while cytosolic calcium remained unchanged. Inhibition of MCU by lentiviral-mediated shRNA prevented mitochondrial calcium uptake and downregulated the inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6) and coagulative (PAI-1 and FGA) mRNA expression in HepG2 cells exposed to HG. The protection from HG-induced inflammation by MCU inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, MCU inhibition in HepG2 cells abrogated the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and IKKα/IKKβ in HG treated cells. Taken together, these data suggest that MCU inhibition may represent a promising therapy for prevention of deleterious effects of obesity and metabolic diseases.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HESuW0

Phenotypic plasticity of life-history traits of a calanoid copepod in a tropical lake: Is the magnitude of thermal plasticity related to thermal variability?

journal.pone.0196496.e001

by Elizabeth Ortega-Mayagoitia, Osvaldo Hernández-Martínez, Jorge Ciros-Pérez

According to the Climatic Variability Hypothesis [CVH], thermal plasticity should be wider in organisms from temperate environments, but is unlikely to occur in tropical latitudes where temperature fluctuations are narrow. In copepods, food availability has been suggested as the main driver of phenotypic variability in adult size if the range of temperature change is less than 14°C. Leptodiaptomus garciai is a calanoid copepod inhabiting Lake Alchichica, a monomictic, tropical lake in Mexico that experiences regular, narrow temperature fluctuations but wide changes in phytoplankton availability. We investigated whether the seasonal fluctuations of temperature and food produce phenotypic variation in the life-history traits of this tropical species. We sampled L. garciai throughout a year and measured female size, egg size and number, and hatching success, along with temperature and phytoplankton biomass. The amplitude of the plastic responses was estimated with the Phenotypic Plasticity Index. This index was also computed for a published dataset of 84 copepod populations to look if there is a relationship between the amplitude of the phenotypic plasticity of adult size and seasonal change in temperature. The temperature annual range in Lake Alchichica was 3.2°C, whereas phytoplankton abundance varied 17-fold. A strong pattern of thermal plasticity in egg size and adult female size followed the inverse relationship with temperature commonly observed in temperate environments, although its adaptive value was not demonstrated. Egg number, relative reproductive effort and number of nauplii per female were clearly plastic to food availability, allowing organisms to increase their fitness. When comparing copepod species from different latitudes, we found that the magnitude of thermal plasticity of adult size is not related to the range of temperature variation; furthermore, thermal plasticity exists even in environments of limited temperature variation, where the response is more intense compared to temperate populations.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HK4UvW

Rapid identification of tomato Sw-5 resistance-breaking isolates of Tomato spotted wilt virus using high resolution melting and TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays as allelic discrimination techniques

journal.pone.0196738.g001

by Valentina di Rienzo, Giovanni Bubici, Cinzia Montemurro, Fabrizio Cillo

In tomato, resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is conferred by the dominant gene, designated Sw-5. Virulent Sw-5 resistance breaking (SRB) mutants of TSWV have been reported on Sw-5 tomato cultivars. Two different PCR-based allelic discrimination techniques, namely Custom TaqMan™ SNP Genotyping and high-resolution melting (HRM) assays, were developed and compared for their ability to distinguish between avirulent (Sw-5 non-infecting, SNI) and SRB biotypes. TaqMan assays proved to be more sensitive (threshold of detection in a range of 50–70 TSWV RNA copies) and more reliable than HRM, assigning 25 TSWV isolates to their correct genotype with an accuracy of 100%. Moreover, the TaqMan SNP assays were further improved developing a rapid and simple protocol that included crude leaf extraction for RNA template preparations. On the other hand, HRM assays showed higher levels of sensitivity than TaqMan when used to co-detect both biotypes in different artificial mixtures. These diagnostic assays contributed to gain preliminary information on the epidemiology of TSWV isolates in open field conditions. In fact, the presented data suggest that SRB isolates are present as stable populations established year round, persisting on both winter (globe artichoke) and summer (tomato) crops, in the same cultivated areas of Southern Italy.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r9yZhV

Correction: Genetic factors affecting EBV copy number in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the 1000 Genome Project samples

by Rajendra Mandage, Marco Telford, Juan Antonio Rodríguez, Xavier Farré, Hafid Laayouni, Urko M. Marigorta, Caitlin Cundiff, Jose Maria Heredia-Genestar, Arcadi Navarro, Gabriel Santpere



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HZG66f

Genetic profiling of young and aged endothelial progenitor cells in hypoxia

journal.pone.0196572.g001

by Tzu-Wei Wu, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chih-Hsien Yen, Yih-Jer Wu, Li-Yu Wang, Hung-I Yeh

Age is a major risk factor for diseases caused by ischemic hypoxia, such as stroke and coronary artery disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are the major cells respond to ischemic hypoxia through angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. However, the effect of aging on EPCs and their responses to hypoxia are not well understood. CD34+ EPCs were isolated from healthy volunteers and aged by replicative senescence, which was to passage cells until their doubling time was twice as long as the original cells. Young and aged CD34+ EPCs were exposed to a hypoxic environment (1% oxygen for 48hrs) and their gene expression profiles were evaluated using gene expression array. Gene array results were confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and BALB/c female athymic nude mice hindlimb ischemia model. We identified 115 differentially expressed genes in young CD34+ EPCs, 54 differentially expressed genes in aged CD34+ EPCs, and 25 common genes between normoxia and hypoxia groups. Among them, the expression of solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 (SLC2A1) increased the most by hypoxia in young cells. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated the pathways affected by aging and hypoxia most, including genes "response to oxygen levels" in young EPCs and genes involved "chondroitin sulfate metabolic process" in aged cells. Our study results indicate the key factors that contribute to the effects of aging on response to hypoxia in CD34+ EPCs. With the potential applications of EPCs in cardiovascular and other diseases, our study also provides insight on the impact of ex vivo expansion might have on EPCs.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jfVyNE

Correction: Serologic and behavioral risk survey of workers with wildlife contact in China

by Corina Monagin, Blanca Paccha, Ning Liang, Sally Trufan, Huiqiong Zhou, De Wu, Bradley S. Schneider, Aleksei Chmura, Jonathan H. Epstein, Peter Daszak, Changwen Ke, Peter M. Rabinowitz



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HK4Fkw

Control of Pem protein level by localized maternal factors for transcriptional regulation in the germline of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi

journal.pone.0196500.g001

by Kaori Miyaoku, Ayaki Nakamoto, Hiroki Nishida, Gaku Kumano

Localized maternal mRNAs play important roles in embryogenesis, e.g. the establishment of embryonic axes and the developmental cell fate specification, in various animal species. In ascidians, a group of maternal mRNAs, called postplasmic/PEM RNAs, is localized to a subcellular structure, called the Centrosome-Attracting Body (CAB), which contains the ascidian germ plasm, and is inherited by the germline cells during embryogenesis. Posterior end mark (Pem), a postplasmic/PEM RNAs member, represses somatic gene expression in the germline during cleavage stages by inhibition of RNA polymerase II activity. However, the functions of other postplasmic/ PEM RNAs members in germline formation are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the functions of two postplasmic/PEM RNAs, Popk-1 and Zf-1, in transcriptional regulation in the germline cells. We show that Popk-1 contributes to transcriptional quiescence by controlling the size of the CAB and amount of Pem protein translated at the CAB. Our studies also indicated that zygotic expression of a germline gene starts around the onset of gastrulation and that the decrease of Pem protein is necessary and sufficient for the zygotic germline gene expression. Finally, further studies showed that the decrease of the Pem protein level is facilitated by Zf-1. Taken together, we propose that postplasmic/PEM RNAs such as Popk-1 and Zf-1 control the protein level of the transcriptional repressor Pem and regulate its transcriptional state in the ascidian germline.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jfVA8e

Correction: Optimization of prophylaxis for hemophilia A

by Robert D. Herbert, Carolyn R. Broderick, Chris Barnes, Laurent Billot, Albert Zhou, Jane Latimer



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HK4Axe

Muscle wasting in osteoarthritis model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection

journal.pone.0196682.g001

by Jordana Miranda de Souza Silva, Paulo Vinicius Gil Alabarse, Vivian de Oliveira Nunes Teixeira, Eduarda Correa Freitas, Francine Hehn de Oliveira, Rafael Mendonça da Silva Chakr, Ricardo Machado Xavier

This study aimed to investigate the molecular pathways involved in muscle wasting in an animal model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rats. Reduction of protein syntheses, increased proteolysis and impaired muscle regeneration are important pathways related to muscle wasting, and myogenin, MyoD, myostatin and MuRF-1 are some of their markers. Female Wistar rats were allocated into two groups: OA (submitted to the ACLT) and SHAM (submitted to surgery without ACLT). Nociception, spontaneous exploratory locomotion and body weight of animals were evaluated weekly. Twelve weeks after the disease induction, animals were euthanized, and the right knee joints were collected. Gastrocnemius muscle of the right hind paw were dissected and weighed. Gastrocnemius was used for evaluation of muscle atrophy and expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, Pax7, myogenin, MyoD, myostatin and MuRF-1. Histopathology of the knee confirmed the development of the disease in animals of OA group. Gastrocnemius of OA animals showed a reduction of about 10% in area and an increased IL-1β expression compared to animals of SHAM group. Expression of myostatin was increased in OA group, while myogenin expression was decreased. TNF-α, Pax7, MuRF-1 and MyoD expression was similar in both OA and SHAM groups. Nociception was significantly elevated in OA animals in the last two weeks of experimental period. Spontaneous exploratory locomotion, body weight and weight of gastrocnemius showed no difference between OA and SHAM groups. Gastrocnemius atrophy in OA induced by ACLT involves elevated expression of IL-1β within the muscle, as well as increased expression of myostatin and decreased expression of myogenin. Therefore, muscle wasting may be linked to impaired muscle regeneration.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HK4pSA

NF2 signaling pathway plays a pro-apoptotic role in β-adrenergic receptor stimulated cardiac myocyte apoptosis

journal.pone.0196626.g001

by Suman Dalal, Barbara Connelly, Mahipal Singh, Krishna Singh

Methods and results

Treatment of adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) with β-AR agonist (isoproterenol) for 15 min increased phosphorylation (serine-518) and sumoylation of NF2. Co-immunoprecipitation assay confirmed β-AR-stimulated sumoylation of NF2. β-AR stimulation enhanced nuclear translocation of phosphorylated and sumoylated NF2. Specific inhibition of β1-AR and protein kinase A (PKA) decreased β-AR-stimulated increase in NF2 post-translational modifications, while inhibition of β2-AR had no effect. Activation of adenylyl cyclase using forskolin (FSK) mimicked the effects of β-AR stimulation. β-AR stimulation and expression of wild-type (WT)-NF2 using adenoviruses increased phosphorylation of mammalian sterile like kinase-1/2 (MST1/2) and yes activated protein (YAP), downstream targets of NF2. Knockdown of NF2 using siRNA in H9C2 cardiomyocytes decreased β-AR-stimulated increase in NF2 and YAP phosphorylation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of NF2 decreased β-AR-stimulated increase in apoptosis, while expression of WT-NF2 induced apoptosis in ARVMs. Expression of WT-NF2 stimulated the mitochondrial death pathway as evidenced by activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs), and increase in cytosolic cytochrome c levels and Bax expression.

Conclusion

β-AR stimulation affects post-translational modifications of NF2 via the involvement β1-AR/PKA/cAMP pathway, and NF2 plays a pro-apoptotic role in β-AR-stimulated myocyte apoptosis via the phosphorylation (inactivation) of YAP and involvement of mitochondrial death pathway.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2I0caae

A comprehensive phylogeny of auxin homeostasis genes involved in adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings

journal.pone.0196663.g002

by Ana Belén Sánchez-García, Sergio Ibáñez, Antonio Cano, Manuel Acosta, José Manuel Pérez-Pérez

Understanding the functional basis of auxin homeostasis requires knowledge about auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and auxin catabolism genes, which is not always directly available despite the recent whole-genome sequencing of many plant species. Through sequence homology searches and phylogenetic analyses on a selection of 11 plant species with high-quality genome annotation, we identified the putative gene homologs involved in auxin biosynthesis, auxin catabolism and auxin transport pathways in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). To deepen our knowledge of the regulatory events underlying auxin-mediated adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings, we used RNA-sequencing data to confirm the expression profiles of some auxin homeostasis genes during the rooting of two carnation cultivars with different rooting behaviors. We also confirmed the presence of several auxin-related metabolites in the stem cutting tissues. Our findings offer a comprehensive overview of auxin homeostasis genes in carnation and provide a solid foundation for further experiments investigating the role of auxin homeostasis in the regulation of adventitious root formation in carnation.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2vWP3bP

Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

by Siying Tao, Yan Zhu, He Yuan, Sibei Tao, Yiming Cheng, Jiyao Li, Libang He

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of CPP-ACP and fluorides compared with fluorides monotherapy on patients with early caries lesions. The Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases up to August 2017 were scanned, with no restrictions. Studies satisfied the guideline of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the patients with early caries lesions and data considering the efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP versus fluorides alone were selected. There was no language restriction during the literature search process, however, only papers in English or Chinese were included during the selection process. Outcome variables include laser fluorescence, quantitative light-induced fluorescence, lesion area and visual inspection scores. Mean differences were calculated during the data extraction process. Ten studies including 559 patients were selected in the meta-analysis. Fluorides combined with CPP-ACP achieved the same efficacy for early caries lesions on smooth surfaces compared with fluorides monotherapy (mean difference: -13.90, 95% confidence interval: [-39.25, 11.46], P = 0.28), and the combination treatment showed significantly better efficacy than fluorides monotherapy for occlusal early caries lesions (mean difference: -21.02, 95% confidence interval: [-27.94, -14.10], P

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jmIGFL

Alcohol use, abuse and dependence in an older European population: Results from the MentDis_ICF65+ study

journal.pone.0196574.t001

by Manuel Muñoz, Berta Ausín, Ana B. Santos-Olmo, Martin Härter, Jana Volkert, Holger Schulz, Susanne Sehner, Maria Christina Dehoust, Anna Suling, Karl Wegscheider, Alessandra Canuto, Mike J. Crawford, Luigi Grassi, Chiara Da Ronch, Yael Hershkovitz, Alan Quirk, Ora Rotenstein, Arieh Y. Shalev, Jens Strehle, Kerstin Weber, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Sylke Andreas

Background

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) in older people have been the subject of increasing interest in Europe and worldwide. However, thus far, no reliable data exist regarding the prevalence of AUD in people over the age of 65 years in Europe.

Objective

To assess the current (past month), 12-month and lifetime prevalence of alcohol use, abuse and dependence in people aged 65–84 years.

Study design

The MentDis_ICF65+ study was a representative stepwise cross-sectional survey that was conducted in six European and associated cities (Hamburg, Germany; Ferrara, Italy; London/Canterbury, England; Madrid, Spain; Geneva, Switzerland and Jerusalem, Israel).

Method

In total, 3,142 community-dwelling people aged between 65 and 84 years who lived in participating cities were assessed with an age-sensitive diagnostic interview (CIDI65+).

Results

The prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 81% for the overall sample. The observed AUD (DSM-IV-TR) prevalence was as follows: current, 1.1%; 12-month, 5.3% and lifetime, 8.8%. Alcohol consumption and AUD were more prevalent in males, and a significant interaction between gender and city was observed; greater gender differences in the prevalence of these disorders were observed in Hamburg, London/Canterbury and Geneva in comparison to the other cities. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption and 12-month AUD tended to be lower in older persons.

Conclusion

The results highlight the appropriateness of using age-adjusted diagnostic tools (CIDI65+) to identify alcohol use and AUD in older people. Different alcohol use patterns were observed in males and females. The results seem to indicate the presence of different alcohol use patterns between northern and southern European countries. Specialized services are proposed, including brief and/or more intensive interventions framed intensive and more simple interventions framed in stepped care strategies, to improve the social and health resources available for older people across Europe.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HDWOEP

Clinical trial for development of a steerable microcatheter.

Related Articles

Clinical trial for development of a steerable microcatheter.

Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2018 Apr 27;:1-5

Authors: Inaba Y, Arai Y, Sone M, Aramaki T, Osuga K, Tanaka H, Kanemasa K

Abstract
PURPOSE: A steerable microcatheter provided with a mechanism on the handle for changing the direction of the catheter tip was developed by Sumitomo Bakelite and evaluated in a clinical trial before introduction into clinical use.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The steerable microcatheter has a 2.4F/2.9-F external diameter (distal/proximal portion) and a 0.021-inch internal diameter with a dial on the proximal portion for moving the tip. In patients scheduled to undergo selective transarterial procedures, selective arteriography of target arterial branches chosen by the evaluator was performed using the steerable microcatheter during the procedure. Efficacy was evaluated based on operability (technical success, procedure time, use of guidewire, usefulness of tip mobility), and safety was evaluated based on defects and adverse events.
RESULTS: Between September 2013 and October 2013, 20 patients were enrolled at four institutions. The success rate for guidewireless insertion of the steerable microcatheter into the target vessels was 96.7%, and operability was judged as good in all 20 patients. Poor tip movement was identified as a defect of the steerable microcatheter in one patient. There were no adverse events associated with the use of the steerable microcatheter.
CONCLUSION: This trial confirmed that the steerable microcatheter had the utility required for medical device approval. Thereafter, it obtained marketing approval.

PMID: 29703107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r7Yf8w

Assessment of radiation exposure in balloon kyphoplasty using a new navigation system.

Related Articles

Assessment of radiation exposure in balloon kyphoplasty using a new navigation system.

Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2018 Apr 27;:1-8

Authors: He B, Xie S, Wang J, Xu C, Mao Y, Xu S

Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trials of conventional and laser-navigated technology techniques for balloon kyphoplasty were carried out.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new laser navigation system in reducing the radiation dose in balloon kyphoplasty procedures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-seven randomized controlled trials involving a total of 75 lumbar vertebrae were treated. Thirty-four vertebrae were treated by regular fluoroscopic imaging alone, and the other 41 vertebrae were treated using the new laser navigation system. For each procedure the fluoroscopy dosage was documented using a Hitachi-Aloka Medical external dosimeter. The operation time was recorded.
RESULTS: The amount of radiation exposure in the control group was 870.59 ± 134.27 μSv. A significant reduction of the fluoroscopy usage in the navigated group was detected (503.5 ± 70.0 μSv (p < .0001)). In the control group, the average procedure time was 51.47 ± 8.30 minutes. The average procedure time in the navigated group was significantly reduced (39.26 ± 5.87 minutes (p < .0001)).
CONCLUSION: The laser positioning and navigation system is an effective solution for reducing radiation exposure in balloon kyphoplasty. The increased technical effort may lead to a significant decrease of procedure time. The clinical trial No.: ChiCTR-INR-17013051.

PMID: 29703087 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2rcK55V

Gallaudet Eleven

You are probably familiar with the premise of "Ocean's Eleven," a team of highly specialized criminals take down a seemingly impenetrable casino vault. But are you familiar with the Gallaudet Eleven? In the 1950s, 11 men were recruited from Gallaudet University to help study the effects of extended exposure to weightlessness on the human body. What made this team of men so unique was that most team members had acquired spinal meningitis, which severely damaged their vestibular systems in addition to impairing their hearing.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r9vuIe

ResQPOD ITD Overview

hqdefault-3.jpg

The ResQPOD® impedance threshold device (ITD) is a simple, non-invasive device that delivers intrathoracic pressure regulation (IPR) therapy during basic or advanced life support CPR to improve perfusion. - See more from ZOLL.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jfLkg6

A Microbiomechanical System for Studying Varicosity Formation and Recovery in Central Neuron Axons

This protocol describes a physiologically relevant, pressurized fluid approach for rapid and reversible induction of varicosities in neurons.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2w8DcaT

Profiling DNA Replication Timing Using Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model System

Zebrafish were recently used as an in vivo model system to study DNA replication timing during development. Here is detailed the protocols for using zebrafish embryos to profile replication timing. This protocol can be easily adapted to study replication timing in mutants, individual cell types, disease models, and other species.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2I1jLFC

Risk of HPV-16/18 Infections and Associated Cervical Abnormalities in Women Seropositive for Naturally Acquired Antibodies: Pooled Analysis Based on Control Arms of Two Large Clinical Trials

Abstract
Background
Studies on the role of antibodies produced after infection with human papillomavirus 18 (HPV-18) and subsequent protection from HPV-18 infection have been conflicting, mainly due to inadequate sample size.
Methods
We pooled data from the control arms of the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial and the PATRICIA trial. Using Poisson regression we compared the risk of newly detected 1-time HPV-18 infection, HPV-18 1-year persistent infection (12MPI), and HPV-18–associated atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or greater (ASC-US+) lesions between HPV-18 seropositive and seronegative women.
Results
High HPV-18 antibodies at enrollment was associated with reduced subsequent HPV-18 detection (P trend = 0.001; relative rate [RR] = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–1.01 for the third quartile; RR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43–0.94 for the fourth quartile, compared to seronegative). The risk of 12MPI showed a decreasing trend with increasing antibodies (P trend = 0.06; RR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.29–1.77; RR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.13–1.32 for the third and fourth quartiles, respectively). Lastly, we observed a significant decreased risk of HPV-18 ASC-US+ with increasing antibody (P trend = 0.01; RR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21–0.97 for the fourth quartile). We also observed a significant decreased risk of HPV-16 infection, 12MPI, and ASC-US+ with increasing HPV-16 antibody level.
Conclusions
High HPV-18 naturally acquired antibodies were associated with partial protection from future HPV-18 infections and associated lesions.
Clinical Trials Registration
NCT00128661 and NCT001226810.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2rahBcg

Evaluation of total and IgA-specific antibody targeting Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein 350 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk

Abstract
Background
We previously reported that higher levels of antibody targeting EBV glycoprotein350 (gp350), an EBV vaccine candidate, were protective against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in genetically high-risk families from Taiwan. The current study attempted to extend this association to a general population cohort.
Methods
We compared total and IgA-specific gp350 antibody levels in 35 incident NPC cases and 81 disease-free controls from the Cancer Screening Program in Taiwan (23,943 individuals recruited from 1991-1992). Luciferase immunoprecipitation (LIPS) assays were used to quantify gp350 antibody levels.
Results
Total EBVgp350 antibody levels were not higher in individuals who remained disease-free compared to those who developed NPC (P=0.11). This lack of a protective gp350 association persisted for cases diagnosed >5 years (OR=1.05; P=0.91) and <5 years (OR=1.85; P=0.40) after blood draw. In addition, IgA-specific gp350 antibody levels were higher in cases compared to controls (OR=7.03; P=0.001). This increased risk was most pronounced for cases diagnosed <5 years after blood draw (OR=11.7; P=0.004).
Conclusion
Unlike our prior findings in those with a strong family history of NPC, total gp350 antibody levels were not protective against NPC development in this general population setting.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HDwAqe

Drug Resistance and Population Structure of Plasmodium falciparum Across the Democratic Republic of Congo using high-throughput Molecular Inversion Probes

Abstract
A better understanding of the drivers of the spread of malaria parasites and drug resistance across space and time is needed. These drivers can be elucidated using genetic tools. Here, a novel molecular inversion probe (MIP) panel targeting all major drug resistance mutations and a set of microsatellites was used to genotype Plasmodium falciparum infections of 552 children from the 2013-14 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Microsatellite-based analysis of population structure suggests that parasites within the DRC form a homogeneous population. In contrast, sulfadoxine resistance markers in dihydropteroate synthase show marked spatial structure with ongoing spread of double and triple mutants compared to 2007. These findings suggest that parasites in DRC remain panmictic despite rapidly spreading antimalarial resistance mutations. Moreover, highly-multiplexed targeted sequencing using MIPs emerges as a cost effective method for elucidating pathogen genetics in complex infections in large cohorts.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r9SMNz

Right ventriculo–arterial uncoupling and impaired contractile reserve in obese patients with unexplained exercise intolerance

Abstract

Background

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may contribute to exercise intolerance in obesity. To further define RV exercise responses, we investigated RV–arterial coupling in obesity with and without development of exercise pulmonary venous hypertension (ePVH).

Methods

RV–arterial coupling defined as RV end-systolic elastance/pulmonary artery elastance (Ees/Ea) was calculated from invasive cardiopulmonary exercise test data in 6 controls, 8 obese patients without ePVH (Obese−ePVH) and 8 obese patients with ePVH (Obese+ePVH) within a larger series. ePVH was defined as a resting pulmonary arterial wedge pressure < 15 mmHg but ≥ 20 mmHg on exercise. Exercise haemodynamics were further evaluated in 18 controls, 20 Obese−ePVH and 17 Obese+ePVH patients.

Results

Both Obese−ePVH and Obese+ePVH groups developed exercise RV–arterial uncoupling (peak Ees/Ea = 1.45 ± 0.26 vs 0.67 ± 0.18 vs 0.56 ± 0.11, p < 0.001, controls vs Obese−ePVH vs Obese+ePVH respectively) with higher peak afterload (peak Ea = 0.31 ± 0.07 vs 0.75 ± 0.32 vs 0.88 ± 0.62 mL/mmHg, p = 0.043) and similar peak contractility (peak Ees = 0.50 ± 0.16 vs 0.45 ± 0.22 vs 0.48 ± 0.17 mL/mmHg, p = 0.89). RV contractile reserve was highest in controls (ΔEes = 224 ± 80 vs 154 ± 39 vs 141 ± 34% of baseline respectively, p < 0.001). Peak Ees/Ea correlated with peak pulmonary vascular compliance (PVC, r = 0.53, p = 0.02) but not peak pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR, r = − 0.20, p = 0.46). In the larger cohort, Obese+ePVH patients on exercise demonstrated higher right atrial pressure, lower cardiac output and steeper pressure-flow responses. BMI correlated with peak PVC (r = − 0.35, p = 0.04) but not with peak PVR (r = 0.24, p = 0.25).

Conclusions

Exercise RV–arterial uncoupling and reduced RV contractile reserve further characterise obesity-related exercise intolerance. RV dysfunction in obesity may develop independent of exercise LV filling pressures.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2rb8bgG

Editorial Board

alertIcon.gif

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Safety Science, Volume 106





from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HDPCIP

The effects of the global financial crisis on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH): Effects on the workforce and organizational safety systems

elsevier-non-solus.png

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Safety Science, Volume 106
Author(s): Georgios Boustras, Frank W. Guldenmund




from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jj9NRG

Maintaining occupational safety and health levels during the financial crisis – A conceptual model

elsevier-non-solus.png

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Safety Science, Volume 106
Author(s): Ioannis Anyfantis, Georgios Boustras, Alexandros Karageorgiou
The current financial crisis has imposed significant pressure upon the labour market and working conditions while, at the same time, Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is challenged. Crucial organizational functions such as training, new work equipment purchasing and innovation are mainly affected. Literature suggests a positive correlation between a country's GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and accidents' rate with a respective phase shift (time lag) representing the required time needed for adaptation.This paper presents a new model, based on a qualitative approach. This paper proposes a new model according to which OSH is defined by eight (8) determinants which are interacting, adapting and defining OSH's level, flexibility and strength against pressure posed by external factors like recession. In effect, this model acts as an opposing force to any pressure posed on OSH. Steady state is defined by the net's density, strength and OSH's centrality while the key for stability is National Labour Inspectorate's (NLI) position and relation with each of the stakeholders. That can be achieved either by regulatory surveillance and strong enforcement or by raising general public awareness, taking advantage of the social amplification/attenuation theories regarding risk. An additional model of risk communication across the OSH leveling determinants is proposed. The proposed models are evaluated by the use of the Greek paradigm.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HJrd4N

Risk shifting and disorganization in multi-tier contracting chains: The implications for public safety

elsevier-non-solus.png

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Safety Science, Volume 106
Author(s): Vanessa McDermott, Jan Hayes
Organizational responses to financial crises have contributed to workplace changes, including a reliance on multi-tier sub-contracting chains. An extensive research literature discusses the adverse impact of these trends on worker health and safety. Research has shown that economic pressures leading to unsafe practices by contractors, hazardous forms of disorganization in contracting chains and regulatory failure contribute to adverse health and safety outcomes for workers. Less research has addressed the impact of sub-contracting chains on the potential for complex catastrophic incidents in which the public could be impacted. We contribute to a growing body of work on this subject by examining excavation work around high pressure natural gas pipelines in Australia. We draw on past research complemented with concepts from the economics literature to highlight the impact of 'risk shifting' as contractors seek to cope with financial pressure in highly competitive sectors. Contract terms incentivize contractors to work as quickly as possible while also prioritizing compliance with safety-related rules. Using qualitative data from 36 face-to-face interviews we discuss the way that supply chains characterized by these types of contracts can lead to situations where the pressure to work quickly means that contractors might trade off safe work practices in order to meet project deadlines and make a profit. We argue that in times of acute financial pressure, safety can become fungible with an associated increase in risk to the public. The findings of this research may have broader implications for other public risk situations in sectors with similar structures and organizational arrangements.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HGW1Tw

Occupational accidents and the economic cycle in Spain 1994–2014

elsevier-non-solus.png

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Safety Science, Volume 106
Author(s): Beatriz Fernández-Muñiz, José Manuel Montes-Peón, Camilo José Vázquez-Ordás
The sensitivity of occupational accidents to the economic cycle can shed light on the effectiveness of occupational health and safety policies. This work analyses the effect of the economic cycle on occupational accidents in Spain in the period 1994–2014. We first perform a regression analysis to evaluate the relation between GDP growth and incidence rate, comparing Spain and Germany. Statistics on GDP growth (OECD) and standardised incidence rates (from Eurostat) are used. Then, from a sectorial perspective, we perform a variance decomposition analysis to measure the effect of the increase in the incidence rates on the growth in the number of accidents in Spain between 2013 and 2014. We use data disaggregated by sector from national databases on occupational accidents to this end.Our results show a strong association between the economic cycle and occupational accidents in Spain. The recent economic crisis led to a strong reduction in the incidence rate, which accelerated a decrease that began in 2001. With the economic recovery beginning in 2014 the incidence rate has gone up again. This evidence indicates that economic growth in Spain comes at the cost of a high level of occupational accidents, showing the weakness of its prevention system. Moreover, the growth in the number of accidents tends to concentrate in certain sectors, and is more due to an increase in their incidence rate than to the growth in their workforce. Firms in these sectors have also implemented prevention practices less intensely than the firms in other sectors.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2jfR1uC

Moderating effects of contingent work on the relationship between job insecurity and employee safety

elsevier-non-solus.png

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Safety Science, Volume 106
Author(s): Tahira M. Probst, Laura Petitta, Claudio Barbaranelli, Lindsey M. Lavaysse
The recent global financial crisis has resulted in heightened levels of employee job insecurity, as well as an increased reliance on a contingent workforce. The purpose of the current study was to examine the conjoint effects of these factors on employee safety-related outcomes. Using survey data from a sample of 1228 employees from a variety of different private and public organizations in Italy, we tested theoretically-derived competing vulnerability and immunity hypotheses regarding the interaction between contingent work and job insecurity. Our results generally supported the vulnerability hypothesis, suggesting that contingent work coupled with job insecurity significantly increase employee risk for poor safety-related outcomes. Specifically, under conditions of job insecurity, contingent workers displayed more adverse safety-related outcomes (e.g., worse safety compliance, safety knowledge, and safety participation) compared to permanent workers. However, the accuracy of their accident reporting was increased under conditions of job insecurity, compared to permanent employees. We discuss these findings in light of important concerns about the safety of contingent workers in the wake of the most recent economic and financial crisis.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HIcyXE

IL-1β suppresses cLTP-induced surface expression of GluA1 and actin polymerization via ceramide-mediated Src activation

Brain inflammation including increases in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β is widely believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Although IL-1β-induced impairments in long-term po...

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Ft1bRr

Effects of Rifaximin on Central Responses to Social Stress—a Pilot Experiment

Abstract

Probiotics that promote the gut microbiota have been reported to reduce stress responses, and improve memory and mood. Whether and how antibiotics that eliminate or inhibit pathogenic and commensal gut bacteria also affect central nervous system functions in humans is so far unknown. In a double-blinded randomized study, 16 healthy volunteers (27.00 ± 1.60 years; 9 males) received either rifaximin (600 mg/day) (a poorly absorbable antibiotic) or placebo for 7 days. Before and after the drug intervention, brain activities during rest and during a social stressor inducing feelings of exclusion (Cyberball game) were measured using magnetoencephalography. Social exclusion significantly affected (p < 0.001) mood and increased exclusion perception. Magnetoencephalography showed brain regions with higher activations during exclusion as compared to inclusion, in different frequency bands. Seven days of rifaximin increased prefrontal and right cingulate alpha power during resting state. Low beta power showed an interaction of intervention (rifaximin, placebo) × condition (inclusion, exclusion) during the Cyberball game in the bilateral prefrontal and left anterior cingulate cortex. Only in the rifaximin group, a decrease (p = 0.004) in power was seen comparing exclusion to inclusion; the reduced beta-1 power was negatively correlated with a change in the subjective exclusion perception score. Social stress affecting brain functioning in a specific manner is modulated by rifaximin. Contrary to our hypothesis that antibiotics have advert effects on mood, the antibiotic exhibited stress-reducing effects similar to reported effects of probiotics (supported by NeuroGUT, a EU 7th Framework Programme ITN no. 607652; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number NCT02793193).



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KqKYjt

Tracing cell-lineage histories

Tracing cell-lineage histories

Tracing cell-lineage histories, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0015-0

Three new studies in Nature and Nature Biotechnology report methods for dissecting transcriptomic cell phenotypes and lineage history simultaneously by combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with CRISPR-based lineage tracing.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2I4zRy2

Tracing cell-lineage histories



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2HDMsor

Smart Electronics Bring More Realistic Sense of Touch to Prosthetic Devices

While the capabilities of prosthetic arms have been getting more impressive over the years, commercial devices generally lack providing any sense of touch. Moreover, attempts to provide a tactile sensation have encountered the problem of producing consistent results in different situations and throughout the user's entire day.

Now researchers at University of Illinois are reporting in journal Science Robotics on a new system that adjusts the intensity of electrotactile stimulation of prostheses so that users can consistently feel things the same way every time.

Loose electrodes and a build up of sweat during the day are a couple of ways that stimulation can loose its strength. To compensate for this, the new system monitors the actual sensory stimulation that the person using the system is experiencing. When changes are noticed, the system adjusts the intensity so that the final result is what it should be.

All this is very important because while a prosthetic can have great mechanics and lots of power, using it is difficult without a sense of touch. By enabling this sense within prostheses and making it work consistently, the usability of prosthetic devices can be significantly improved.

"Once we get a miniaturized stimulator, we plan on doing more patient testing where they can take it home for an extended period of time and we can evaluate how it feels as they perform activities of daily living. We want our users to be able to reliably feel and hold things as delicate as a child's hand," said Aadeel Akhtar, an MD/PhD student at U of Illinois and lead author of the study, said. "This is a step toward making a prosthetic hand that becomes an extension of the body rather than just being another tool."

Study in journal Science Robotics: Controlling sensation intensity for electrotactile stimulation in human-machine interfaces…

Via: University of Illinois…

Medgadget?d=yIl2AUoC8zA Medgadget?d=qj6IDK7rITs Medgadget?i=RTGgp8i7fe8:Wk3HbT-QI0E:gIN9


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2rc2tM8

Exercise stereotypes and fatigue in people living with HIV: does self-efficacy play a mediating or a moderating role?

Recent research suggests that exercise stereotypes may influence physical activity through ego depletion and internalization mechanisms. The...